इंग्रजीमधे Preposition च्या अचूक वापराला फार महत्व आहे.
Preposition चे प्रकार ( Types of Preposition)
1) Preposition of Position and Direction.
(स्थितिवाचक शब्दयोगी अव्यय )
Eg. to, towards, against etc.
2) Preposition of Time. (कालवाचक शब्दयोगी अव्यय)
Eg. on, at, in, since, for, form, during etc.
3) Preposition of Place.(स्थलवाचक शब्दयोगी अव्यय)
Eg. in, into, above, between, among, under, on, upon etc.
आता आपण प्रत्येक शब्दयोगी अव्यय पाहुया.
Also read : Number
1. At (च्या कडे/ वाजता)
●निश्चित वेळ सांगण्यासाठी.
1) I get up at 5 O'Clock.
2) She danced at 10 O'clock.
3) The class starts at 6.00.
● एकाच वाक्यात दोन स्थळांचा उल्लेख असेल तर मोठ्या स्थळापूर्वी in वापरावे व लहान स्थळापूर्वी at वापरावे.
1) He lives in Mumbai at Adarsh nagar.
2) She lives at Maval.
3) I live at Nanded.
●काळ दर्शक शब्दापूर्वी at वापरतात.
At midnight (मध्यरात्रि)
at dawn (पहाटे)
at noon ( दुपारी)
●कृती मागे विशिष्ट उद्दिष्ट किंवा उद्देश असेल तर at वापरतात.
1) He threw the stone at the car.
2) Aim the ball at the hole.
3) I met him at the airport.
●निश्चित वयापूर्वी देखील at वापरतात.
1) He lost his sight at (the age of) 70.
2) He went to the USA at 60.
● चांगले किंवा कमकुवत गुण दाखवण्यासाठी
1) He is good at English.
2) She is poor in maths.
●At असलेले आणखी काही वाक्प्रचार
At least (शेवटी).
at first(सुरुवातीला).
at times (कधीकधी).
at a time(एका वेळेस).
At the/ that time (त्या वेळेस,तेव्हा).
at any moment(कुठल्याही क्षणी).
at least(कमीत कमी, निदान, किमान).
2. In (च्या मध्ये / च्या आत)
● ठराविक सीमा किंवा बंदिस्त जागेच्या नामापुर्वी in वापरतात.
1) He lives in India.
2) Where do you live in Mumbai?
3) I met him in the street.
● कालवाचक शब्दापूर्वी देखील in वापरतात.
1) We arrived at the hotel at 5 a.m.
2) Mahatma Phule died in 1890.
3) We arrived in mumbai at 6.30 a.m.
4) I will return your book in a week.
●in चा वापर ठराविक कालखंड संपल्यावर अशा अर्थाने केला जातो तर within चा वापर तो कालखंड संपण्याच्या आत अशा अर्थाने केला जातो.
1) I shall be back in a week. (आठवडा संपल्या नंतर)
2) I shall be back within a week.(आठवडयाच्या आत)
● Come in (आत या)
Send him in (त्याला आत पाठव)
इथे in हे क्रियाविशेषण आहे.
3. Between (च्या मध्ये)
● दोन नामांच्या किंवा वस्तुंच्या मध्ये between वापरतात.
परंतु दोन पेक्षा जास्त घटक असतील व and वापरलेले असेल तर between वापरतात कारण between सोबत नेहमी and असते.
1) Distribution this book between Ram and Rakesh.
2) Seema and Nisha quarreled between them.
3) This bus runs between Pune and Solapur.
4) Pakistan lies between India, Afghanistan and Iran.
4. Among (--च्या मध्ये)
●दोनपेक्षा अधिक व्यक्ति किंवा वस्तुंच्या मध्ये among वापरतात.
●असे नाम अनेकवचनी असते आणि निश्चित संख्या दिलेली नसते.
1) Found him standing among the crowd.
2) Distribution this chocolate among the children.
3) He was sitting among the learned men.
4) He disappeared among the crowd.
5. About (च्या आसपास)
● वेळेच्या संदर्भात about वापरतात. च्या आसपास या अर्थाने.
1) It is about 10 O'clock.
2) We reached at about 5 O'clock.
● सामान्यपणे खालील क्रियापदानंतर about वापरतात.
1) Have you heard about it?
2) I know about it.
3) I was not talking about it.
6. Since (पासून)
● क्रिया नेमकी केव्हा सुरु झाली तो काळ सांगण्यासाठी
1) He has been here since monday.
2) It has been raining since morning.
3) I haven't met him since the marriage of his sister.
7. From (पासून)
●क्रिया नेमकी कधी सुरु झाली हे सांगण्यासाठी
1)From 1st June, From 7th March.
●From चा उपयोग स्थळ दर्शविण्या साठी सुद्धा केला जातो.
1) I thik he is from Nashik.
2) Where do you come from?
3) He came back from mumbai yesterday.
● From चा उपयोग प्रामुख्याने to/ till/ untill सोबत केला जातो.
1) Most people work from 9 to 5.
2) Will your school remain closed from tomorrow till the 20th of March.
8. Along (च्या कडेकडेने/ च्या बाजूने)
● स्थिर किनारा, काठ , भिंत अशा गोष्टींच्या भोवतीने जाणे/ असणे साठी Along वापरतात.
1) He walked along the river bank.
2) Vehicle were parked along the road.
3) The wild flowers grew along the both sides of the river.
9. Above (च्या वर / च्या पेक्षा जास्त)
●च्या पेक्षा जास्त
1) it weighs about 10 tons.
● क्रमाने वर
1) Read the passage given above and find the answer.
2) The temperature is likely to go above 45℃ tomorrow.
10. Across (ला ओलांडून, च्या पलीकडे)
1) My office is just across the bank.
2) My house is across the road.
3) Can you swim across the river.
11. After (नंतर, मागोमाग)
● एक प्रकारचा क्रम दर्शविण्या साठी After वापरतात.
1) I shall enter after you.
2) He was asking after you.
3) Do you believe in the life after death?
12. Against ( विरुद्ध, ला लागून)
1) He is leaning against the tree.
2) Stand your bike against the wall.
3) One must not go against the law of country.
13. Before (च्या पूर्वी, आधी, समोर)
●Before चा उपयोग कोणत्याही काळात केला जातो.
1) I have not seen him before.
2) I have not seen him before.
●च्या पूर्वी या अर्थाने
1) Before marriage, he was rich.
2) I will be there before 6 O'clock.
3) Think before speaking.
●च्या समोर
1) The thief was produced before the judge.
2) He stood before the crowd.
14. Behind (पाठिमागे)
1) Our house is behind the school.
2) Who is behind your success.
15. Below (च्या खाली, कमी, कमी दर्जाच)
1) children below fifteen are not allowed
here.
2) He lives below us.
3) Your name is below mine .
4) The temperature had gon below 18℃ yesterday.
16. Beneath (च्या तळाशी, च्या खाली)
1) There is little water beneath the jar.
2) I found his book beneath the bench.
3) This action is certainly beneath you.
4) She married beneath her.
17. Besides
● Beside चा उपयोग च्या बाजूला आणि च्या शिवाय साठी केला जातो.
1)She kept the mobile beside the laptop.
2)Beside being beautiful, she is clever.7
3) He sat down beside me.
4) Beside inspector he become teacher.
5) Everyone passed besides Mohan.
18. Beyond (पलीकडे)
1. There is a small village beyond this river.
2. I have got nothing beyond this books.
19. By (जवळ, ने, वाजता)
●च्या जवळ
1) Sit by me.
2) Stand by me.
● वाजेपर्यंत
1)Would you come by 2 O'clock.
2) Get back by 6 O'clock.
●च्या नुसार
1) What is the time by your watch.
2) He sales clothes by the meter.
●च्या द्वारे
1) We are going by car.
2) I prefer travel by bus.
3) I shall go by train.
20. For (पासून, च्या साठी)
● for चा वापर च्या ऐवजी किंवा च्या करिता केला जातो
● कालखंड दर्शक शब्दा पूर्वी for वापरतात .जसे 5 hours, 7 days , 10 years.
1) She has been working in this company for 5 years.
2) I stayed in delhi for a month.
3) Take this medicine for a week.
4) Are these books for sale?
21. Into (च्या आत)
●एखाद्या वस्तुचा बाहेरुन आत प्रवेश असेल आणि वाक्यात हालचाल दर्शक क्रियापद असेल तर into हा शब्दयोगी अव्यय वापरतात.
1) He jumped into the river.
2) She threw a stone into the pond .
● एका अवस्थेतून दुसऱ्या अवस्थेत जाण्याची क्रिया दर्शविण्यासाठी देखील into वापरतात.
1) Bhagvad geeta was translated into many languages.
2) Mother cut an apple into may pieces.
● तोडून आत जाण्यासाठी into वापरतात.
1) The thief broke into the house and looted it.
22. On (च्या वर, चालू असणे)
● च्या वर या अर्थाने -
1) The book is on the table.
2) Can you stand on your head.
●दिवस व तारखे पूर्वी on वापरतात.
1) I will meet you on Monday.
2) She will come on 5 June.
3) His birthday is on the 15th of August.
● च्या विषयी
1) I write a book on Mahatma Gandhi.
● चालू आहे या अर्थाने
1) The light is on.
2) Radio is on.
3) Turn the tap on.
4) This switch is on.
23. Within ( च्या आत)
कालावधी संपण्यापूर्वी ची कृती within ने दर्शविली जाते.
1) I will come back within a minute.
2) I will come back within an hour.
24. Inside (च्या आत)
1) What is inside this box.
2) We got there inside of 1 hour.
टिप्पणी पोस्ट करा